There are three diameters: 30.9, 31.6 (the most common) and 34.9 mm. The post diameter must match the inside of the seat tube. You can go up with a reducer shim (fit a 30.9 in a 31.6 frame), but never down: a post thicker than the tube won't go in. The 34.9 is more recent and stiffer, for long-travel droppers. It's the first piece of data for which dropper fits you.
Diameter is filter number one: if it doesn't match (or can't be reduced with a shim), there's nothing more to discuss.
Quickest way: look at the engraving on your current post, it almost always reads "30.9", "31.6" or "34.9". If not, measure the inner diameter of the seat tube with a caliper. The 31.6 is the dominant standard; the 30.9 is common on older or gravel frames; the 34.9 is the new high-end option.
The practical rule: with a reducer shim you can fit a thinner post in a wider tube (30.9 → 31.6, or 31.6 → 34.9). What you can't do is the opposite: a 31.6 post won't go in a 30.9 tube. So if in doubt, measure before buying.
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30.9, 31.6 (the most common) and 34.9 mm. It must match the inside of the seat tube.
Thinner yes, with a reducer shim. Thicker than the tube, no.
Stiffer tube, intended for long-travel droppers on modern frames.
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